Section Two: Part Two

A. CuSO­­_{4 (aq)} + Zn _(s) --> ZnSO_{4 (aq)} + Cu _(s)

The Zinc was swapped with the Copper due to Zinc being more reactive. During this reaction Zinc was oxidized (gave up 2 electrons). The swapping of an element into a compound (transfer of electrons) and producing one element and compound is the very definition of a Single-Replacement Reaction. 

B. 3CuCl_{2 (aq)} + 2Na₃PO_{4 (aq)} -> Cu₃(PO₄)_{2 (s)} + 6NaCl _(aq)

Cu₃(PO₄)_{2 (s)} + 3H₂SO_{4 (aq)} -> 3CuSO_{4 (aq)} + 2H₃PO_{4 (aq)}

Both of these equations constitute Double-Replacement Precipitation Reactions due to the fact that both swap the first half of the compound (Cu switches with Na / Cu switches with H₂). Due to these being precipitation reactions and not acid-base reactions, there is only two products formed and no H₂O.

Section Two: Part One B.

Day Three.

The solution CuSO_{4 was clear. We added the piece of Zn, which Corey is trying to get to stop fizzing so we filter the solution again.}

Austin and Corey are working together to make sure that nothing gets spilled and working as a good pace. This is a picture of us filtering the last time to get all the Copper. We made sure to water everything down to get as much liquid out.

Section Two: Part One B.

Day Two.

After the CuO sat for a couple of days we had to filter all the liquid out to move on to the next step.

 

Corey, again is STRIVING FOR ACCURACY. Corey is being very careful that he doesn't have the Copper does go down into the liquid, making sure the filter is going at the right pressure.

 

After picture.

After we filtered as much liquid possible out of the CuO, we went to the next step by adding HCl. The HCl turned the Copper a green color, which broke down the Copper and  made it a liquid again. The HCl made the Copper go back down into the beaker so we could move on.

Before picture.

Our group was STRIVING FOR ACCURACY by washing out the filter paper with water to make sure that the whole remaining Copper

is washed out into the beaker, which forms CuCl_2. 

_{After picture.}

 

Austin is STRIVING FOR ACCURACY by measuring out the correct amount of Na₃PO4 to mix into the CuCl_2. 

When mixing those two solutions together it makes Cu₃(PO₄)_2.

When we got the Cu₃(PO₄)2, we mixed H₂SO_{4 together, which forms} CuSO_{4 as a liquid and the solid is} H₃PO_4.

_{Which is the picture below.}

.

After picture.

Section Two: Part One B.

Day One.

This is the after picture of the beginning of the lab.

In the picture above, we added Nitric Acid to the Copper to form Cu(NO₃)₂ an aqueous solution.

In this part of the lab Corey is adding NaOH to Cu(NO₃)_{2 to form} Cu(OH)_2.

Corey is STRIVING FOR ACCURACY. He is striving for accuracy by making sure every drop NaOH doesn't get on himself or Austin or Lindsey. He is also making sure that he is putting the right amount of NaOH in the Cu(OH)_{2 solution.}

Oops, we need more OH.

Right amount of NaOH. Showing that the pH strip is blue, which is the color we needed to start the heating process.

Before picture.

When heating the Cu(OH)_{2 it turns a brown/black color so that the filtering goes by faster. Lindsey is making sure that the Copper doesn't boil or spill anywhere.}

After picture, forming CuO.

Section Two: Part One A.

1. Cu (s) + 4HNO₃ (l) --> Cu(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2H₂ (l) + 2NO₂ (g)
2. Cu(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) --> Cu(OH)₂ (s) + 2NaNO₃ (aq)
3. Cu(OH)₂ (s) --> CuO (s) + H₂O (l)
4. CuO (s) + 2HCl (aq) --> CuCl₂ (aq) + H₂O (s)

5. 2CuCl₂ (s) + 2Na₃PO₄  (aq) --> Cu₃(PO₄)₂ (s)  + 6NaCl (aq)

6. Cu₃(PO₄)₂ (s) + 3H₂SO₄ (aq) --> 3CuSO₄ (aq) + 2H₃PO₄ (aq)

7. CuSO₄ (aq) + Zn (s) -->  ZnSO₄ (aq) + Cu (s)